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              <text>Ronald "Ron" Lawrence Mace was a design pioneer, the visionary of Universal Design, and the founder and program director of The Center for Universal Design at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Born in New Jersey, NJ, he grew up in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. In 1950, at the age of nine, he contracted polio, and used a wheelchair for the rest of his life. He studied architecture at the North Carolina State University's School of Design, where he encountered inaccessible facilities that limited his use and mobility around campus. He graduated with a BA in 1966.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After four years of practicing conventional architecture, he became involved in the effort to produce the first building code for accessibility in the nation. This code became mandatory in North Carolina in 1973 and served as a model for other states.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1985, he pioneered the concept of "Universal Design." In 1989, he &lt;span&gt;established the federally-funded Center for Accessible Housing, currently known as The Center for Universal Design, at the School of Design at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. He was also a Research Professor in the Architecture Department in the School of Design at the North Carolina State University.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ron's pioneering work in accessible design was instrumental in the passage of national legislation prohibiting discrimination against people with disabilities,&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt; the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Mace was a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and received the Distinguished Service Award of the President of the United States in 1992 for distinguished service in promoting dignity, equality, independence and employment of people with disabilities.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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              <text>Largely forgotten today, Sarah Pillsbury Harkness was an American architect. She attended the Smith College Graduate School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture in 1940. She was a founder, in 1945, and now Principal Emeritus of the Architects' Collaborative (TAC). She co-edited &lt;em&gt;The Architects Collaborative Inc., 1945-1965&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;with Walter Gropius of the Bauhaus movement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An inspirational figure for women in architecture during her long career as an architect, Harkness was an early advocate for universal design and sustainable practices in architecture. As President of the Boston Society of Architects, she gave voice to these practices in 1985. In 1976, she wrote the book,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Building Without Barriers for the Disabled&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;along with James N. Groom.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p style="margin-left: 28.35pt; text-indent: -28.35pt;"&gt;Marquard, B. (2013, July 6). Sally Harkness, 98; cofounder of The Architects Collaborative. &lt;i&gt;The Boston Globe&lt;/i&gt;. Retrieved April 29, 2022, from &lt;a href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/07/06/sally-harkness-cofounder-the-architects-collaborative-was-inspirational-figure-profession/GR8bVdJFc68U5Nhv5TnZvJ/story.html"&gt;https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/07/06/sally-harkness-cofounder-the-architects-collaborative-was-inspirational-figure-profession/GR8bVdJFc68U5Nhv5TnZvJ/story.html&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                    <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Our Building - Accessibility for all at Access Living&lt;/i&gt;. Access Living. (2019, September 4). Retrieved May 1, 2022, from https://www.accessliving.org/who-we-are/our-building/.&lt;/p&gt;
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              <text>&lt;em&gt;John H. Catlin, LCM Architects.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Disability Lead. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2022, from &lt;a href="https://www.disabilitylead.org/network/john-catlin"&gt;https://www.disabilitylead.org/network/john-catlin&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;John H. Catlin, FAIA.&lt;/em&gt; LCM Architects. (2021, March 24). Retrieved May 1, 2022, from &lt;a href="https://www.lcmarchitects.com/team/john-h-catlin-faia/"&gt;https://www.lcmarchitects.com/team/john-h-catlin-faia/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Mortice, Z. (n.d.). Design for all requires a culture change in architecture.&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;AIA (The American Institute of Architects).&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;Retrieved April 30, 2022, &lt;a href="https://www.aia.org/articles/6215411-design-for-all-requires-a-culture-change-i"&gt;https://www.aia.org/articles/6215411-design-for-all-requires-a-culture-change-i&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our Building - Accessibility for all at Access Living&lt;/i&gt;. Access Living. (2019, September 4). Retrieved May 1, 2022, from &lt;a href="https://www.accessliving.org/who-we-are/our-building/"&gt;https://www.accessliving.org/who-we-are/our-building/&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
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              <text>“My goal has always been to integrate architecture and accessibility in a seamless process.”&#13;
&#13;
John "Jack" F. Catlin is considered to be a pioneer in creating environments for people with disabilities by promoting design elements in the built environment to advance a more inclusive, sustainable society.&#13;
&#13;
He did his graduate studies in architecture at the University of Illinois–Chicago (UIC). When he started in 1978, the UIC Art and Architecture Building predated the new legislation of 1973, which its more than a dozen level changes and idiosyncratically complex floor plan made perfectly clear. The Brutalist building inspired him along with architects, Richard Lerner, AIA, and Doug Mohnke, AIA to found LCM Architects. &#13;
&#13;
He is a Partner at LCM Architects, a firm based out of Chicago, Illinois, and spearheaded the creation of Access Living's headquarters and building also in Chicago. Access Living is one of the earliest examples of universal design and green design – sustainable, environment friendly – to be built in the United States. &#13;
&#13;
Catlin was appointed in 1994 by President Bill Clinton to the U.S. Access Board, the federal agency responsible for developing guidelines under the ADA, and was the first practicing architect to serve as Chair. His experience with the needs of the disability community and his understanding of the ADA have been instrumental in developing federal, state, and local accessibility codes that have significant implications for the design and building industries. Jack co-chaired the committee that developed Chicago’s first comprehensive accessibility code as part of the revisions to the Chicago Building Code.&#13;
&#13;
Catlin is a wheelchair user himself.</text>
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